{"id":16079,"date":"2026-08-27T18:25:36","date_gmt":"2026-08-27T15:25:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/revistafamilia.ro\/?p=16079"},"modified":"2026-08-27T18:25:43","modified_gmt":"2026-08-27T15:25:43","slug":"cand-apune-soarele-familia-mann-in-sanary-sur-mer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/revistafamilia.ro\/?p=16079","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e2nd apune soarele. Familia Mann \u00een Sanary-sur-Mer"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u00cen torida var\u0103 a anului 1933, situa\u021bia politic\u0103 din Europa se \u00eenr\u0103ut\u0103\u021be\u0219te dup\u0103 ascensiunea la putere a na\u021bional-sociali\u0219tilor \u2014 \u0219i la fel se \u00eenr\u0103ut\u0103\u021be\u0219te \u0219i situa\u021bia lui Thomas \u0219i Katiei Mann \u0219i a celor \u0219ase copii ai lor. Chiar dac\u0103 \u00eei vine greu s\u0103 accepte ideea de a-\u0219i p\u0103r\u0103si c\u0103minul, scriitorul devine con\u0219tient c\u0103 mediul din Germania nu \u00eei mai este prielnic, a\u0219a c\u0103, \u00een iunie, aflat\u0103 la cap\u0103tul puterilor, familia Mann alege s\u0103 se mute pe coasta francez\u0103 a Mediteranei, \u00een idilicul ora\u0219 portuar Sanary-sur-Mer, prima oprire din lungul ei exil. La fel ca \u00een c\u0103r\u021bile sale anterioare, Florian Illies combin\u0103 cu m\u0103iestrie faptele istorice meticulos documentate cu atmosfera epocii, cititorul put\u00e2nd sim\u021bi amenin\u021barea politic\u0103 ce plute\u0219te deasupra familiei Mann \u0219i fr\u0103m\u00e2nt\u0103rile membrilor acesteia, redate mai ales prin scrisori \u0219i fragmente de jurnal. Portretul lunilor petrecute \u00een sudul Fran\u021bei nu ar fi \u00eens\u0103 complet f\u0103r\u0103 numero\u0219ii arti\u0219ti \u0219i intelectuali refugia\u021bi cu care familia intr\u0103 \u00een contact acolo, printre care Lion Feuchtwanger, Bertolt Brecht, Arnold Zweig sau Ren\u00e9 Schickele. Concentr\u00e2ndu-se asupra probabil celei mai faimoase familii de arti\u0219ti germani afla\u021bi \u00een exil \u00een anii 1930, C\u00e2nd apune soarele relev\u0103 teama, melancolia \u0219i durerea pe care le-o pricinuie\u0219te pierderea patriei \u0219i bunurilor lor, dar \u0219i conflictul interior \u0219i voin\u021ba de a supravie\u021bui chiar \u0219i atunci c\u00e2nd vechea ordine amenin\u021b\u0103 s\u0103 se pr\u0103bu\u0219easc\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Fragment<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Pe 5 martie, \u00een salonul supra\u00eenc\u0103lzit din Waldhotel din Arosa, sus, \u00eentre mun\u0163ii acoperi\u0163i de z\u0103pad\u0103, Katia \u015fi Thomas Mann \u00eempre\u00adun\u0103 cu fiica lor Elisabeth, sosit\u0103 de la M\u00fcnchen, precum \u0219i mul\u021bi al\u0163i oaspe\u0163i stau ca vr\u0103ji\u0163i dup\u0103 cin\u0103 \u00een fa\u0163a aparatului de radio, ascult\u00eend \u015ftirile despre deznod\u0103m\u00eentul alegerilor din Germania. La 9 seara se anun\u0163\u0103 rezultatul. Na\u0163ional\u2011sociali\u015ftii se proclam\u0103 \u00eenving\u0103tori. Katia nu mai poate sta pe scaun de enervare \u015fi se ridic\u0103 indignat\u0103: \u201eE absolut ridicol, e clar c\u0103 n\u2011au fost alegeri libere. Opozi\u0163ia a fost de mult arestat\u0103\u201d. Unul dintre oaspe\u0163i se apropie de ea \u015fi\u2011i \u015fopte\u015fte: \u201eStimat\u0103 doamn\u0103, ave\u0163i, v\u0103 rog, grij\u0103\u201d. Pe Katia o trece un scurt fior de team\u0103, dar fire\u015fte c\u0103 n\u2011o arat\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

*<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Noul s\u0103u editor fusese medic \u00eenainte, de aceea ini\u021bial Thomas Mann ia ad litteram ceea ce dr. med. Gottfried Bermann Fischer, ginerele primului s\u0103u editor, acum destul de b\u0103tr\u00een, Samuel Fischer, \u00eei recomand\u0103 \u00een scrisoarea din 9 martie, \u015fi anume s\u0103\u2011\u015fi prelungeasc\u0103 \u015federea \u00een Arosa \u201edin motive de s\u0103n\u0103tate\u201d: \u201eAm auzit c\u0103 inten\u0163iona\u0163i s\u0103 \u00eentrerupe\u0163i cura mai devreme. Ca medic, consider c\u0103 acest lucru este total gre\u0219it\u201d. Treptat, Thomas Mann \u00ee\u015fi d\u0103 seama c\u0103 a primit un mesaj cifrat, mai ales c\u0103 Fischer \u00eel avertizeaz\u0103 c\u0103 altfel ar putea avea parte de \u201eatacuri nea\u015fteptate\u201d. Enervat, \u00eei cite\u015fte scrisoarea so\u0163iei c\u00eend ea \u0219i Medi se \u00eentorc la hotel dup\u0103 o tur\u0103 de schi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

*<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen vila pustie a familiei din Poschingerstra\u00dfe 1, Klaus \u015fi Erika cump\u0103nesc \u0219i ei cum ar putea s\u0103 le transmit\u0103 \u00een mod clar p\u0103rin\u0163ilor c\u0103 \u00een nici un caz nu trebuie s\u0103 se \u00eentoarc\u0103 acas\u0103 din Arosa. Situa\u0163ia na\u0163iunii este \u00eengrijor\u0103toare, cel pu\u021bin de la incendierea Reichstagului pe 27 februarie na\u021bional\u2011sociali\u0219tii au trecut la ac\u021biune \u015fi r\u0103sp\u00eendesc team\u0103 \u015fi teroare \u00een \u00eentreaga \u0163ar\u0103. Totul clo\u00adcote\u015fte, o frenezie oarb\u0103. Trupele SA \u015fi SS m\u0103r\u015f\u0103luiesc acum \u015fi pe str\u0103zile din M\u00fcnchen, haidamacii nazi\u015fti \u00een hainele lor lungi din piele s\u2011au postat \u00een fa\u0163a caselor evreilor \u0219i pacifi\u0219tilor cunos\u00adcu\u0163i. Intimid\u0103ri, perchezi\u0163ii \u0219i arest\u0103ri pretutindeni. Ziarele \u00eendeamn\u0103 la ur\u0103 \u00eempotriva evreilor \u015fi a du\u015fmanilor de\u015ftept\u0103rii na\u0163ionale. La radiodifuziunea din M\u00fcnchen nu mai lucreaz\u0103 nici un evreu. De ziua revolu\u0163iei na\u0163ionale pe toate cl\u0103dirile oficiale din ora\u015f s\u2011au arborat drapele cu svastic\u0103. La Berlin, pe 28 februarie, deci imediat dup\u0103 incendierea Reichstagului, Carl von Ossietzky, deli\u00adcatul \u0219i pa\u0219nicul editor al publica\u021biei Die Weltb\u00fcchne<\/em>, este mai \u00eent\u00eei re\u021binut \u0219i pu\u021bin mai t\u00eerziu internat \u00een primul lag\u0103r de con\u00adcentrare din apropierea capitalei. Se pare c\u0103, fugind, unchiul lui Klaus \u0219i al Erik\u0103i, Heinrich, a evitat la musta\u021b\u0103 aceast\u0103 soart\u0103. Totu\u015fi, loviturile cad tot mai aproape, fra\u0163ii le urm\u0103resc cu un amestec de am\u0103r\u0103ciune \u015fi groaz\u0103 lacom\u0103 de senza\u0163ional: e posibil ca realitatea s\u0103 dep\u0103\u0219easc\u0103 ce \u015fi\u2011au imaginat ei \u00een visele lor cele mai oribile \u015fi \u00een cele mai brutale scheciuri de la Die Pfefferm\u00fchle? \u021aara aceasta chiar distruge tot ce \u00eei conferea valoare, farmec \u015fi demnitate? Pe 11 martie, Klaus, altfel at\u00eet de volubil, noteaz\u0103 \u00een jurnal un singur cuv\u00eent: \u201ePlecare?\u201d. \u00cenc\u0103 pune semnul \u00eentreb\u0103rii, dar asta nu va mai fi valabil mult timp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ziarele na\u0163ional\u2011socialiste \u00eei persecut\u0103 deja pe Erika \u015fi pe Klaus, nu doar pentru c\u0103 s\u00eent pe fa\u0163\u0103 homosexuali, ci \u0219i pentru c\u0103 \u00een cabaretul Erik\u0103i se fac prea multe glume r\u0103ut\u0103cioase pe seama nazi\u015ftilor. \u015ei, de asemenea, pentru c\u0103 tot M\u00fcnchenul \u015ftie c\u0103 Hedwig \u015fi Alfred Pringsheim, p\u0103rin\u0163ii mamei lor, au r\u0103d\u0103cini evreie\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen \u201elogica rasial\u0103\u201d a na\u0163ional\u2011sociali\u015ftilor acest lucru li se aplic\u0103 \u015fi mamei lor, botezat\u0103 cre\u015ftin\u0103 \u2013 \u015fi, prin urmare, \u015fi Erik\u0103i \u015fi lui Klaus. Dar \u00een acest martie numai cei doi fra\u0163i, boemi complet apolitici \u00een trecut, intuiesc dimensiunile pericolului care \u00eei ame\u00adnin\u0163\u0103. Bunicii s\u00eent de o non\u0219alan\u021b\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103p\u0103\u0163\u00eenat\u0103 \u0219i enervant\u0103. Ca \u015fi cum averea \u015fi pozi\u0163ia lor social\u0103 i\u2011ar putea proteja. \u0218i, spre deosebire de mama lor, nici chiar tat\u0103l, la Arosa, nu vrea s\u0103 recu\u00adnoasc\u0103 gravitatea situa\u0163iei \u015fi insist\u0103 s\u0103 se \u00eentoarc\u0103 direct \u00een Germania, \u00een frumoasa lor vil\u0103, la c\u0103r\u0163ile sale \u015fi la gramofon, \u015fi pl\u0103nuie\u015fte deja o vacan\u0163\u0103 cu toat\u0103 familia \u00een iulie, la Nida, pe litoralul Curlandei. Dac\u0103 nu s\u2011ar \u00eentoarce, \u00eei spune el Katiei, ar transmite un mesaj fatal, c\u0103ci asta ar \u00eensemna c\u0103 crede \u00een succesul na\u0163ional\u2011sociali\u015ftilor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pe 11 martie, la ora 18 fix, Klaus \u015fi Erika au programat\u0103 o convorbire telefonic\u0103 interurban\u0103 cu so\u021bii Thomas Mann, actu\u00adalmente la Waldhotel din Arosa, camerele 210 \u015fi 211.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

*<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Mann nu se simte deloc \u00een apele lui. De la \u00eenceputul carierei sale de scriitor, ce a coincis cu \u00eenceputul secolului, a fost mereu extrem de atent la felul cum este v\u0103zut. \u00centotdeauna a avut senza\u0163ia c\u0103 tr\u0103ie\u0219te o existen\u021b\u0103 simbolic\u0103. Chiar \u0219i acum, \u00een pre\u00adzentul imediat, el se g\u00eende\u0219te la sine ca la o figur\u0103 istoric\u0103. S\u2011ar putea numi grandomanie, dar poate c\u0103 e doar realist.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen orice caz, nu\u2011i convine deloc ca fix acum, la \u00eenceputul lui martie 1933, s\u0103 stea \u0219i el \u00een str\u0103in\u0103tate ca al\u0163i scriitori celebri din Republica de la Weimar, precum Erich Maria Remarque sau Alfred D\u00f6blin, \u00een timp ce \u00een \u201eReich\u201d \u2013 dup\u0103 cum \u00eei spune mereu \u2013 au loc mari transform\u0103ri. Thomas Mann se consider\u0103 un patriot adev\u0103rat \u2013 \u015fi g\u0103se\u015fte ridicol patriotismul na\u0163ional\u2011soci\u00adali\u015ftilor, cu tot patosul mar\u015furilor cu tor\u0163e din fiecare sear\u0103. Nu vrea s\u0103 dea de \u00een\u0163eles c\u0103 \u201eaceste creaturi\u201d, cum \u00eei nume\u015fte cu dispre\u0163, ar avea puterea s\u0103\u2011l alunge pe el din \u0163ar\u0103. Faptul c\u0103 so\u0163ia \u015fi copiii lui au r\u0103d\u0103cini evreie\u015fti i se pare, \u00een mod naiv, ceva cu totul f\u0103r\u0103 \u00eensemn\u0103tate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El se g\u00eende\u015fte la cu totul altceva. Thomas Mann \u015ftie c\u0103 al\u021bi autori fugi\u0163i din \u0163ar\u0103 se consider\u0103 \u201eemigran\u0163i\u201d. Or, el, marele Thomas Mann, laureatul german al Nobelului, nu concepe \u00een ruptul capului s\u0103 fie emigrant. Nu se simte emigrant. Prin urmare, nici nu poate fi emigrant (\u00een mod \u00eenduio\u015f\u0103tor, toat\u0103 via\u0163a a con\u00adsiderat c\u0103 viziunea sa este singura realitate imaginabil\u0103).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00eend Katia roste\u0219te cuv\u00eentul \u201eemigrant\u201d, Thomas face o gri\u00admas\u0103. El? Te rog, nu. Are senza\u0163ia c\u0103 e ceva sub nivelul s\u0103u. Nu vrea s\u0103 fac\u0103 parte dintr\u2011o comunitate oprimat\u0103. Un Thomas Mann nu \u00eeng\u0103duie nim\u0103nui s\u0103\u2011i spun\u0103 unde \u00eei este locul!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Fragment \u00een avanpremier\u0103 din romanul C\u00e2nd apune soarele. Familia Mann \u00een Sanary-sur-Mer<\/i><\/a> de Florian Illies<\/b>, aflat \u00een curs de apari\u021bie, \u00een traducerea lui Octavian Nicolae<\/b>, la Editura Polirom, \u00een colec\u021bia \u201eBiblioteca Polirom\u201d, coordonat\u0103 de Dan Croitoru.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":492,"featured_media":16080,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[164,29,27],"tags":[191,2894,1764,2892,2893,168,199],"coauthors":[2891],"class_list":["post-16079","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-avanpremiere","category-fictiune","category-traduceri","tag-avanpremiera-editoriala","tag-cand-apune-soarele","tag-editura-polirom","tag-florian-illies","tag-octavian-nicolae","tag-roman","tag-traducere"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/revistafamilia.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Cind-apune-soarele_HC-a.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistafamilia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16079","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistafamilia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistafamilia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistafamilia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/492"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistafamilia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=16079"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/revistafamilia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16079\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16083,"href":"https:\/\/revistafamilia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16079\/revisions\/16083"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistafamilia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/16080"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistafamilia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=16079"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistafamilia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=16079"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistafamilia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=16079"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistafamilia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcoauthors&post=16079"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}